In the lead-up to COP33, critical milestones such as COP30 in 2025 will significantly influence global climate action. In the run-up to COP30, countries are expected to submit their updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC 3.0), reflecting heightened ambition and alignment with findings from the Global Stocktake (GST). COP30, to be held in Belém, Brazil, will also advance the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) through the UAE-Belém Work Programme, which seeks to develop measurable indicators to track progress on adaptation. The second GST, concluding in 2028, will serve as a pivotal moment under the Paris Agreement to assess global progress on climate action. It will identify gaps in mitigation, adaptation, and finance, providing a comprehensive reality check on the effectiveness of global efforts to limit warming.
This plenary will explore how the second GST, NDC 3.0 revisions, and the UAE-Belém Work Programme can shape global ambition, enhance accountability, and prioritise actionable measures for adaptation and resilience-building in the lead-up to COP30 and COP33.